There are many challenges in assessing health risks from the exposure to microorganisms. Specifically, quality human dose-response data is limited or, in many cases, nonexistent. In order to recommend risk-based cleanup goals, as well as analytical detection limits and environmental decontamination efficacies, there is a need to characterize microbial dose-response relationships.
26 Apr 10 12:00
Hazardous substances released during a terrorist attack will contaminate the environment, but there are few health-based guidelines to support decisions on temporary occupancy of contaminated spaces or resumed use of spaces or water following a large-scale disaster.
22 Apr 10 09:30
EPA released a report which summarizes the results of tests with various online water quality sensors to see if they could provide dual use for early warning of intentional contamination, as well as monitoring general water quality.
11 Feb 10 13:45
In order to develop an early warning system for an intentional or unintentional drinking water contamination event, EPA is collaborating with water utilities and public health agencies to gather, share, and analyze multiple types of data.
07 Oct 09 07:16
The possibility of terrorists or criminals intentionally contaminating drinking water with pathogenic microorganisms is a significant public health concern.
14 Aug 09 12:36
EPA has identified more than 100 chemical and radiological constituents that are considered homeland security threat contaminants.
15 May 09 09:51
Handling, transporting, treating, and disposing of large volumes of waste generated by natural disasters; chemical spills; biological, chemical or radiological terrorism and animal disease outbreaks present unique challenges.
12 May 09 03:21
The Department of Homeland Security (DHS), with support from EPA, the Department of Defense (DoD), the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and the Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL), recently developed and constructed All Hazards Receipt Facilities (AHRFs) for prescreening unknown and potentially hazardous samples collected under unusual or suspicious circumstances.
14 Apr 09 13:35
All Hazards Receipt Facilities (AHRFs) were developed to prescreen for chemical, radiochemical, and explosive hazards in samples collected during suspected terrorist attacks.
27 Mar 09 09:00
PALs are a tiered set of exposure values used to inform risk-based decision making during a response to environmental contamination involving hazardous chemicals.
12 Dec 08 18:00
These technical briefs summarize the evaluation of commercially available screening technologies designed to rapidly detect, and in some cases indicate the concentration of, toxic industrial chemicals and chemical warfare agents in air, water, or surface samples. The technologies were specifically evaluated to see if they could detect chemicals that might be used during, or develop as a by-product from, a terrorist attack.
31 Oct 08 19:00
In 2001, the anthrax mailings not only caused loss of life, but also interrupted the daily functioning of the United States government when affected buildings had to be taken out of service until decontamination and restoration efforts were complete. Because of these events and their consequences, EPA has evaluated the performance of several decontamination technologies designed specifically to inactivate biological agents.
29 Oct 08 19:00
EPA evaluates homeland security related technologies that will help protect human health and the environment from the adverse impacts of terrorist acts. Radiological attacks may require massive evacuation to protect human health and greatly interfere with economic and business activities.
29 Oct 08 19:00
EPA is investigating decontamination technologies for restoring public buildings to a usable state after a terrorist contamination event. In the context of decontamination, contaminants of interest are those that can persist on indoor surfaces and can lead to a continuing chance of exposure long after the contamination event occurs.
14 Jul 08 19:00
Multi-parameter water monitors are deployed at multiple locations in water distribution systems and collect general water quality data that can be transmitted to various locations, including remote locations, thereby giving water utilities access to real-time or near real-time data from their overall system.
08 Jul 08 19:00
PCR is used to determine the presence of specific bacteria in water in less than four hours. PCR involves enzyme-mediated reactions that replicate the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the target organisms.
08 Jul 08 19:00
Immunoassay tests are used to determine the presence of biotoxins and pathogens in water. The immunoassay devices are based on immunological interactions during which specific antibodies react with contaminants, or antigens, to produce a response indicating the presence of the contaminant.
08 Jul 08 19:00
Enzymatic test kits can detect the presence of chemical agents, carbamate pesticides, and/or organophosphate pesticides through a cholinesterase enzyme reaction. Under contaminant-free conditions, the enzyme reacts with other reagents present in the test kit.
08 Jul 08 19:00
EPA is investigating the persistence (attenuation) of biological organisms and toxins on indoor building materials under various temperature and relative humidity conditions consistent with those achieved using heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems.
28 May 08 16:34
The disposal of contaminated animal carcasses in response to foreign animal disease outbreaks is an event- and site-specific operation that can have significant environmental impacts.
13 Mar 08 15:43
Anomalous water quality results can indicate the onset of a contamination incident. For this reason, water utilities must be able to rapidly and accurately identify such results in water distribution systems.
20 Dec 07 07:33
EPA has created a report entitled the "Compendium of Prior and Current Risk Assessment Methods" to accelerate risk assessment, which in turn supports rapid response.
27 Nov 07 12:42
Water distribution networks deliver drinking water to consumers through systems of pipes, valves, pumps, and tanks. Within these systems, sensors that can detect contaminants can be placed at various locations, such as fire stations, schools, hospitals, public buildings, publicly owned infrastructure, and even private homes.
26 Nov 07 11:23
EPA organized a workshop to provide architects, engineers, owners, and other building professionals with the latest research on protecting buildings from a terrorist attack. The video captures the entire workshop, presentations, and discussion sessions.
07 Nov 07 05:37
EPANET is used in homeland security research to model contamination threats to water systems. Historically, EPANET has been limited to tracking the dynamics of a single chemical transported through a network of pipes and storage tanks. EPANET did not consider interactions between bulk species in the water or the surface species fixed to the pipe wall.
31 Jul 07 08:24
Tucson Water is an innovative and advanced municipal drinking water system that serves nearly 700,000 customers. Through an EPA Environmental Monitoring for Public Access and Community Tracking (EMPACT) grant, online monitors have been providing near real-time water quality data to the public for several years.
31 Jul 07 08:24
EPA is developing the Support for Environmental Rapid Risk Assessment (SERRA) database to accelerate the risk assessment process and to support emergency response.
26 Jun 07 08:27
TA new report provides owners, managers, engineers, and other decision makers with information about various building retrofit options that will improve building protection against airborne hazards.
25 May 07 13:40
The collection of surface contaminants, referred to as "wipe sampling," is an important technique for government agencies and the private sector to estimate contamination on a variety of surfaces, including those in buildings, homes, outdoor areas, and hands.
24 Apr 07 12:21
Message mapping is a science-based risk communication tool that enables members of the emergency response and environmental protection communities to quickly and concisely deliver the most pertinent information about an emergency.
02 Apr 07 16:01